|
|
Changes in wetlands - change trajectories, causes
Brašna, Vlastimil ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
This thesis analyzes the historical development of wetlands in corn production areas in Moravia, Czech Republic. Wetlands were analyzed changes in time and space for a period of 180 years.
The main objective is to analyze the development of wetland habitats in the landscape using old maps, aerial photographs and GIS. The bases were of the Imperial Imprints of the Stable cadastre from the first half of the 19th century and contemporary orthophoto. There were also used GIS layers of the current location of wetlands, farmland, forests, rivers and waterways. In historical documents were evaluated by two categories 1) wet meadows and 2) swamps and marshes. In the current surface are only evaluated wetlands.
The total area is 18054 ha. The area of wetlands dramatically decreased from 108 ha in the first half of the 19th century on 14 ha in 2015. Most of the wetlands have been converted to agricultural land - arable land (72 %), meadows and pastures (12 %). Wetlands succession was transformed to bushes (5,4 %). There was 5 % of the deaths of wetlands built and drained. Most wetlands have been transformed due to the pressure on the production function of the landscape in order to get more food. In the first half of the 19th century it was dominated by wet meadows, they had 684 ha. Despite the disappearance of a large part of the wetlands created new wetlands, which have 12.4 hectares. Most newly created wetlands are located in the cadastral area of Mutěnice. Only one wetland (1.68 ha) remained unchanged, located in cadastral Čejč. This wetland had a history of more land (25.15 hectares) and has been linked with Čejčské Lake.
The main result of this work is to determine the trajectories of development of wetland ecosystems in the lowlands of Moravia. Descriptions of these trajectories have contributed to understanding influences on the development of wetlands. Results wetlands contribute to the development of knowledge in the field of landscape ecology. The results can be used to restore extinct wetlands and creation of new wetlands in the historic wet meadows. The information obtained can be used in landscape planning with regard to the protection and management of wetlands.
|
|
|
Change trajectories of wetlands in the landscape of lowlands and uplands in the Czech Republic
Richter, Pavel ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Dagmar, Dagmar (referee)
Wetland habitats are of great multifunctional importance in landscape. In particular, they have the capacity to retain water during its surplus and then in the dry season to release the water. In this work the dynamics of change in wetlands coverage was analyzed, including the representation structure of different categories of wetlands over the past 180 years in the landscape of lowlands and uplands in the Czech Republic. The historical maps of Stable Cadastre, current orthophoto and current GIS layers of localization and classification of different types of land use/cover and landscape types were used as data sources. The area of wetlands has dramatically decreased from 5 762 hectares in the period 1825-1843 (more than 9.5 % of the area) to 54 hectares in 2014 (0.9 %). Based on the study of available documents three types of wetland habitats were classified: wet meadows, wet meadows with trees and swamps . Although, the most of the historic wetlands were constituted of wet meadows (89 %) these days the swamps (48 %) form the largest part of the wetlands. Half of the historic wetlands were transformed to arable land because of increasing production of agriculture. According to the evaluation of monitored changes by predictors it was found that more pressure on the degradation of wetlands was in the areas with more suitable climatic conditions for agriculture (e.g. The Danube basin, Moravia, soil types in the lowlands, Corn agricultural production area etc.). In these areas the swamps were formed as new wetlands in places of historical watercourses localization more significantly than elsewhere in monitored area. The aim of this work was also to describe the main driving forces and pressures that have influenced the changes in wetlands. The outcome of the paper can be used in landscape planning with regard to the protection and management of wetlands.
|
|
|
Use of archive maps for for the analysis of wet meadows changes on example Černilov cadastral district
Jelínek, Jakub ; Richter, Pavel (advisor) ; Kadlecová, Petra (referee)
Analysis of landscape development of area of Černilov with regard to the wet
meadows by using maps of stable cadastre.
The subject of this thesis is to describe and evaluate changes in the landscape with
regard to the surface of wet meadows in the cadastral territory of Černilov, in the last 175
years. Three kinds of map source from three different intervals were used, Imperial
imprints from stable cadastre, archival aerial photographs and actual ortofoto maps.
The theoretical part is made in form of literal recherche, in which are described
issue of wet meadows and are characterized socially - economical and physically -
geographical aspects of area. Practical part considers evaluation of maps source in GIS
program and it's result.
|
|
|
Historical development of wetlands in agricultural landscape
Majdanicsová, Andrea ; Richter, Pavel (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused on the historical development of wetlands, especially in the agricultural landscape. The first part is processed in the form of research in which the historical development of the landscape, they are characterized by wetlands whether their classification, function and development in the Czech Republic and abroad. The following explains the landscape mapping systems and concepts relating to nature conservation. The second part deals with selected sites, their specifications and comparing the changes in the landscape using archival stable cadastre maps and II. Military Survey maps current.
|
|
|
Decomposition of aboveground biomass of a herbaceous wetland stand
KLIMOVIČOVÁ, Lucie
The master?s thesis is part of the project GA ČR č. P504/11/1151- Role of plants in the greenhouse gas budget of a sedge fen. This thesis deals with the decomposition of aboveground vegetation in a herbaceous wetland. The decomposition rate was established on the flooded part of the Wet Meadows near Třeboň. The rate of the decomposition processes was evaluated using the litter-bag method. Mesh bags filled with dry plant matter were located in the vicinity of the automatic meteorological station at four randomly selected sites. Values of the decomposition rate were assessed in two experiments. In the first experiment the litter bags were fixed in April 2009. The litter bags were fixed in the vertical position and they had one size. Values of the decomposition rate were assessed for 6 sampling dates and the total exposure time was 2,5 years. The decrease of the total dry mass was 18,37 % in the first year and 13,05 % in the second year. The value of LDR was 0,7227 in the first year and 0,4740 in the second year. In the 2nd experiment the litter bags were fixed in November 2010. The litter bags were fixed in the vertical and horizontal position, respectively, and they were of two sizes (small, big). Values of the decomposition rate were assessed for 2 sampling dates and the total exposure time was one year. The total annual value of LDR was 0,5212 for the vertical bags and 1,0676 for horizontal bags.
|
|
|
Effect of fertilization on leaf anatomy of Carex acuta
HŮRKOVÁ, Drahomíra
This thesis is part of the project GA CR No 526/09/1546 ("Importance of newly assimilated carbon to the interaction of plants with soil in grassland and wetland ecosystems in varying environmental conditions"). The was focused on differences in leaf anatomy of plants subjected to different nutrient regimes. Stands dominated by C.acuta were studied in two localities - wetlands: Záblatské meadows with organic soil and Hamr meadows with mineral soil. Effect of fertilization was studied in areas subjected to doses of fertilizer of 300 kg NPK. ha-2 (HIGH treatment) and unfertilized areas (NO treatment). These doses were applied from 2006 to 2008, but not in 2009 because of continuous flooding. All leaves of C. acuta were hypostomatic. At Hamr, the average stomatal densities were 724 {$\pm$} 88 mm-2 and 820 {$\pm$} 130 mm-2 on the lower side of leaves of unfertilizer and fertilized plants respectively. At Záblatské louky, the average stomatal densities were 872{$\pm$}114 mm-2 and 849{$\pm$}125 mm-2 on the lower side of the leaves of unfertilizer and fertilized plants, respectively.
|
|
|
Evaluation of long-term climatological monitoring of Mokré louky wetland by Třeboň and of other meteorological stations related to a change of hydrological cycle
KOVÁŘOVÁ, Milena
This study presents a detailed evaluation of long-term climatic data obtained from the meteorological station at Mokré louky wetland by Třeboň. A method for evaluation of dependence of air temperature on precipitation cycle is proposed and applied. The data from Mokré louky are compared with data from other meteorological stations in Czech Republic as well as in Europe and surroundings. The obtained results confirm a strong dependency of solar radiation reaching the Earth surface and dependently also the air temperature on the precipitation cycle. They represent in this way a fresh point of view on reasons for climate change, where the climate change is considered to be caused by a gradual decrease of permanent vegetation and current global desertification of continents.
|
|
|
Effect of mineral nutrient availability and flooding on the growth of Carex acuta in a mesocosm experiment
SYCHROVÁ, Jana
This MSc thesis is part of the project GACR 526/09/1545 Importance of newly assimilated carbon for the plant-soil interactions in wet grassland ecosystems in varying environmental conditions, which focuses on the effects of eutrophication on selected wet meadows with mineral or organic soil in the Trebon Biosphere Reserve. The results of this project will serve as a basis for developing a suitable ecosystem management for wet meadows, especially for sites registered as nature reserves. Pot experiments were carried out with Carex acuta, a dominant species of wet meadows that has already been subject of many studies. The aim of this work was to find out how C. acuta responds to different levels of fertilization and soil flooding under controlled conditions. The growth of the generative shoots of C. acuta was significantly affected by fertilization. The growth of vegetative shoots was significantly influenced by the soil organic matter content and fertilizer addition. The vegetative shoots reached greater length than the generative shoots. The pot experiment indicates that fertilization has not a large influence on the growth of C. acuta. This finding may explain field observations that C. acuta is gradually replaced in eutrophic habitats by stronger competitors, especially Phalaris arundinacea.
|
|
|
Aboveground production of a wet meadow stand dominated by Carex acuta
KUNCOVÁ, Štěpánka
The MSc thesis is part of the project of Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic entitled Czech Terra, which aims at assessing the carbon budget and cycle in the main types of ecosystems in the Czech Republic. This thesis is focussed on the production of aboveground biomass of Carex acuta, which dominates the unmanaged and permanently flooded part of the Wet Meadows. The seasonal dynamics of aboveground plant production was followed using a series of 9 destructive harvests during the vegetation season. On each date, four 0.5x0.5m2 samples were taken from the wetter, and four samples from the drier part of the stand. The maximum value of live biomass of C. acuta (550.8 g.m-2) was recorded on 13.6 2008. The highest value of live biomass of all species reached 602.4 g.m-2. The maximum total biomass (without litter) reached 994.6 g. m-2. The highest value of productivity of C. acuta (12.46 g.m-2.day-1) was recorded on 24. 5.
|
|
|
Birds of Passeriformes order on CHKO Třeboňsko champaign
FUKA, David
During the breeding season in 2007, the mapping of the nesting ranges in birds of the order Passeriformes was carried out on the chosen localities in Třeboň wet meadows within the Třeboňsko landscape; Aim of study was to order qualitatives and quantitatives status of the Passeriformes within localities and their comparasion. Localities were situated in the immediate vicinity of Třeboň. The total mapped area was 25 hectares. The Vegetation was dominated by tall sedges (locality New station). The principal biotops consisted of tall sedges biotop M1.7 and K1 (locality New station and locality Old station) and V1 biotop. Within Old station locality and Opatovický locality it was especially: T1.5 and T1.4 and X5. Nesting birds were counted by the mapping method (Janda a Řepa, 1989). The GPS system was used for the recording of single males. Twenty three passerine bird species were found within localities. In total, nine bird species were founded in all the localities. The most abundant species were: (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) the Sedge Warbler, (Luscinia svecica cyanecula) the Bluethroat, (Locustella naevia) the Grasshopper Warbler (Old station locality and New station locality), Opatovický locality was dominated by Acrocephalus schoenobaenus the Sedge Warbler. There was signigicant differences of total density of bird assemblage betwen Opatovický locality and New station locality and Old station locality and Opatovický locality. High breeding density was found especially in the Whinchat and the Bluethroat on New station locality. High conformity of bird assemblage was among New station locality and Old station locality.
|
guest ::
